The Second Boer War was fought between the British empire and the Boers who were settlers mainly of Dutch origin living in the South African Republic and the Orange Free State. Initially the Boers were successful and won some notable victories which galvanized the British government to send more troops to the troubled region.
Soldiers from all over the British empire took part in the long bloody conflict including Australia, New Zealand and Canada. Eventually through conducting a scorched earth policy, the rounding up of civilians into concentration camps and overwhelming military numbers on the battlefield, led to more and more Imperial victories and eventually the British empire forced the Boers to the negotiating table in 1902.